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Abstract
Urinary stone disease has affected human kind since antiquity. The first known calculi’s was found among pelvic bones of 16 years old youth who was buried in El Amarah, Upper Egypt, from about 4800 BC.. It was a vesical stone. Another stone probably of renal origin dating back to 4200 BC was described by Prof..Shuttock (1905) was composed of calcium phosphate, calcium carb.onate anti calcium oxalate..
Also calctili were found in the graves of North American Indians from 1500-1000 BC.). Since then, many scientists and physicians were interested in studying stones, their nature, site, mechanism of formation, ...everything about stones. The first to discuss the stone formation was Ron Delet, a French physician practicing in 1500’s who wrote: ”When waste is retained in the bladder, a stone will be produced, not in all, but in those who have a stricture in the meatus or suffer from retention of urine. If these thick .fractions fall down to the base of the bladder and remain there, they tend to aggregate into a stone. Stones differ in the two organs. Those found in the kidney are formed by fine sands and assume the shape of the pelvis. Vesical stones look like river pebbles, that is to say are almost round and they are formed not with sand but by an ahnost solid matter disposed in layers like an onion.),