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Abstract
air and water are considered as the most dangerous sources of microbial contamination of meat in the slaughter halls as well as the contaminated meat may act as a vehicle of human infection. So attention is directed to potential sources of microbial contamination with the anticipation that such contamination can be eliminated or at least minimized.
One hundred sample were collected from each of au and water of slaughter halls in various districts of ten selected abattoirs. These samples were examined bacteriologically and mycologically to evaluate their hygienic quality. In addition, four commercial disinfectants were tested against four isolated potentially pathogenic microorganisms which constitute public health hazards. The achieved results in the present study were as follows:
7.1. The bacteriological examination of air and water samples revealed the following results:
7.1.1.1. From air samples:
The incidence percentages of the isolated Gram negative bacteria were
E. coli, (30%); Salmonella spp. (23%); Klebsiella spp. (26%); Enterobacter spp. (28%); Proteus morganii (21 %), Proteus rettergi (16%); Proteus mirabilis (3%); Proteus vulgaris (10%); Yersinia enterocolitica (%); Pseudomonas aerginosa (31 %) and Pseudomonas jluorescens (22%).
The incidence percentages of the isolated Gram positive bacteria were
Staphylococcus aureus (22%); Staphylococcus epidermidis (17%);
Streptococcus faecalis (20%) and Streptococcus faecium (28%).
The incidence percentages of the isolated Gram negative bacteria were
E. coli, (70%); Salmonella spp. (7%); Shigella Spp. (6%); Klebsiella spp. (10%); Enterobacter spp. (20%); Proteus morganii (25%), Proteus rettergi (18%); Proteus mirabilis (12%); Proteus vulgaris (20%); Yersinia enterocolitica (%); Pseudomonas aerginosa (30%) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (20%).
The incidence percentages of the isolated Gram positive bacteria were
Staphylococcus aureus (25%); Staphylococcus epidermidis (13%);
Streptococcus faecalis (24%) and Streptococcus faecium (24%).
7.2. The mycological examination of air and water samples revealed the following results:
7.2.1. The isolated potentially pathogenic fungi were: 7.2.1.1. From air samples:
The incidence percentages of the isolated Moulds were Aspergillus niger (55%); Aspergillus fumigatus (8%); Aspergillus flavus (4%); Penicillium spp. (32%); Fusarium spp. (5%); Alternaria spp. (5%); Mucor spp. (22%) and Rhizopus spp. (21%). In addition, Yeast was Candida albicans (17%).
The incidence percentages of the isolated Moulds were Aspergillus niger (58%); Aspergillus fumigatus (24%); Aspergillus flavus (11 %); Penicillium spp. (29%); Fusarium spp. (14%); Alternaria spp. (4%) and Mucor spp. (13%). In addition, Yeast was Candida albicans (27%).
From the mentioned results we can conclude that the results of incidence of isolated bacteria and fungi in examined air and water samples of slaughter halls attributed to unhygienic measures occurs during slaughtering, dressing and evisceration as well as many workers are needed for preparation of carcasses which may create aerosols carrying different types of microorganisms. Moreover, water built up basins playa dangerous role in contamination of carcasses, as these water were used for cleaning carcasses, worker’s hands, knives, internal organs and wiping clothes as well as the process of removal hides and cleaning offal were carried out in the same slaughter halls may act as a source for contamination of carcasses. Also, a large tanks were located over the building of abattoirs due to shortage of tap water and these water may act as a medium for growth and multiplication of bacteria and fungi due to carelessness in cleaning water tanks.
7.3. Eval ua tion of selected chern ical disin fecta n ts on some microbial isolates from air and water in slaughtering halls.
In vitro, different concentrations of commercial disinfectants (BIOCID30®, GERM-IOD, GPC_S™ and ALDAKOL DAS V A) which are available in Egyptian market were tested against four different pathogens that were isolated from the visited slaughter halls. One was of Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus); two were of Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica) and the fourth was of fungi (Asperigllus niger).
Three concentrations from of the selected chemicals disinfectants at exposure times 5, 10 and 20 minutes as follow:
1. Biocid-30® was used at three concentrations as recommended by the producer [1:300 (0.33%); 1:600 (0.167%), and 1:2500 (0.04%)].
2. Germ-iod was used at three concentrations as recommended by the producer [1:100 (1%); 1:400 (0.25%) and 1:1500 (0.067%)].
3. GPC_S™ was used at three concentrations as recommended by the
producer [1:50 (2%); 1:100 (1%) and 1:200 (0.5%)].
4. Aldekol DAS VA was used at three concentrations as recommended by the producer [1:100 (1%); 1:250 (0.4%) and 1:400 (0.25%)].
The obtained results, it can be noticed that the proper concentrations of the tested chemical disinfectants for veterinary application as following:
1. Biocid-30® used at a concentration of 1 :300 (0.33%) in presence of neutralizers within exposure time 10 minutes was destructive for Staphylococcus aureus; E. coli and Yersinia enterocolitica but Aspergillus niger was killed after exposure time for 20 minutes.
2. Germ-iod used at a concentration of 1: 1 00 (1 %) In presence of neutralizers for exposure time 10 minutes was destructive for Staphylococcus aureus; E. coli and Yersinia enterocolitica but Aspergillus niger was not destroyed after 20 minutes of exposure.
3. GPC_S™ used at a concentration of 1 :50 (2%) in presence of
neutralizers for exposure times 5 minutes was destructive to E.coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Yersinia enterocolitica and Aspergillus niger was also killed after exposure time 5 minutes.
4. Aldekol DAS VA used at a concentration of 1: 1 00 (1 %) in presence of neutralizers after exposure time 5 minutes was destructive to E. coli; Yersinia enterocolitica and Aspergillus niger but Staphylococcus aureus was killed after exposure time 10 minutes.