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المستخلص
Coeliac disease is a permanent state of intolerance to gluten i.e. alcohol insoluble protein of wheat, rye and barley which causes damage to the mucosal surface of the small intestine, in genetically predisposed individuals.
Classical gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms of the disease in children include malabsorption and failure to thrive; while symptoms in adults may first appear following pregnancy, surgery, viral infections or severe emotional stress and present with abdominal cramping, intestinal gas, distention and bloating; chronic diarrhea or constipation (or both); anemia; and weight loss with persisting large appetite, or even subsequent weight gain.
Coeliac serological tests are commonly used to evaluate patients with GI symptoms associated with Coeliac disease and patients with extra-GI or clinical conditions associated with Coeliac disease, these conditions include: isolated iron deficiency; diabetes type I, Sjogren’s Syndrome, Down’s Syndrome, as well as autoimmune diseases in general, and first or second degree relatives of coeliacs.
Highly sensitive and specific serological tests such as anti-tissue transeglutaminase antibodies (TTG) have improved the ability to diagnose Coeliac disease, as this test demonstrated a higher specificity for Coeliac disease than other tests.