الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 143 |  |  |
| | | from | 143 | | |
Abstract
Pleural effusions can result from a very wide range of disease processes. In most instances, the cause of the effusion becomes apparent from the associated clinical circumstances, diagnostic thoracocentesis - and / or percutaneous pleural biopsies with cultures, cytological and t or histological examinations (Light, 1998). However in about 20% of cases, the effusions remain undiagnosed after the initial evaluation (Light, 1998). These undiagnosed effusions are important problems for which, at present, there is no readily available diagnostic test to help clinician what course to follow. In order to better discrimination tuberculous, malignant and other types of pleural effusions, numerous biochemical markers have been assayed. These markers however generally have poor sensitivity and / or specificity (Light, 1982). So, a search for biochemical markers in pleural fluid and / or blood that can aid in differentiating the causes of pleural’ effusions’ is clinically highly useful, improve the reliability of early diagnosis of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions (Hoheisel et al, 1998). IFN-y -a cytokine produced by immunocompetent cells- plays a crucial role in the mediation of the immune response, induces and maintains the proliferation of T-IymphocyteS, following antigen activation. Amylase rich pleural effusion in association with bronchogenic adenocarcinoma. has been repeatedly reported Ende, 1990 and Buckler et al, 1994.