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Abstract
The present thesis includes three main sections. The first section is concerned with the (introduction) which deals with polymer definition, some types of polymers like:
Ι- Thermosetting polymers, such as:
1- Phenolic resins [novolac phenol formaldehyde and resol phenol formaldehyde], their properties, modifications and applications.
2- Epoxy resins, their history, synthesis of different types (epoxy resin based on bisphenol A, epoxy novolac resins, halogenated epoxy, hydrogenated bisphenol A, and epoxy resins from per acids). Curing and crosslinking reactions of epoxy resins, types of curing agents [alkaline curing agent (Lewis base, primary and secondary aliphatic amines), acidic curing agent (Lewis acids) and phenolic resins]. Modifications, properties, and applications of cured epoxy resins were also mentioned.
II- Thermoplastic polymers such as:
1- Poly (vinyl acetate), their polymerization, properties and applications.
2- Poly (vinyl alcohol), their properties and applications.
3- Poly (vinyl acetal)s such as poly (vinyl formal) and poly (vinyl butyral), and their applications.
Introduction also deals with applications of polymers in coatings field, their tests, some physical properties such as viscosity and IR analysis. Mechanical properties (adhesion, impact, scratch hardness and elongation), thermal properties and electrical properties (dielectric constant έ, dielectric loss, tan δ and electrical resistance, ρ) are also mentioned. Some relevant researches that published in scientific journals are also included.
The second section (materials and methods) includes chemicals used and their properties, preparation of resins and polymers used: Ι- phenolic resins such as:
1- Resol phenol formaldehyde (R-PF).
2- Novolac phenol formaldehyde (N-PF).
3- Resol bisphenol A formaldehyde (R-BF).
4- Novolac bisphenol A formaldehyde (N-BF).
5- Novolac phenol bezaldehyde (N-PBz).
6- Novolac bisphenol A bezaldehyde (N-BBz).
II- Epoxy resins such as:
1- Epoxy diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (Epoxy DGEBA).
2- Epoxy novolac phenol formaldehyde (Epoxy N-PF).
3- Epoxy novolac phenol bezaldehyde (Epoxy N-PBz).
4- Epoxy novolac bisphenol A formaldehyde (Epoxy N-BF).
5- Epoxy novolac bisphenol A bezaldehyde (Epoxy N-BBz).
IIΙ- Some poly (vinyl acetal)s:
1- Poly (vinyl formal) (PVF).
2- Poly (vinyl butyral) (PVB).