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Abstract Headache syndromes are among the most common disorders of the central nervous system. They are widespread and, in many cases, are chronic conditions. Millions of people suffer from headache worldwide, and there are an estimated 6 million people who suffer from migraine in the UK. Presentation may range from infrequent and mild-to- moderate headaches that subside with a simple painkiller to more severe and recurrent types. It is the latter that sufferers find difficult to cope with and seek treatment for. It is important to recognize and distinguish the disabling headache types which require correct diagnosis and treatment. (1,2) Headache may occur as a primary condition or as a secondary symptom of another medical condition. A wide range of headache types have been classified in detail by the International Headache Society (IHS) (3) . The more common primary headache conditions include: migraine, tension-type headache and cluster headache. These syndromes cause substantial levels of pain and disability to sufferers and therefore should be understood and addressed. Headache has been and continues to be underestimated in scope and scale, and headache disorders remain under-recognized and under-treated throughout the world. (4) |