الفهرس 
Title pageOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
MDM2 is a protooncogene which encodes a nuclear trans cription factor. MDM2 prtein froms complexes with both wild type and mutant p53 protein and is involved in the autoregulatory feedback mechanism of p53. MDM2 is overexpressed in most cancers, with an overall frequency of gene amplification of 7% or overexpression of mRNA expression is elevanted For bladder carcinoma. The current study included thirty patients(bilharzial and non bilharzial and non bilharizial) with TCC bladder cancer without signs of distnant metastasis, and ten patients with benign urologic diseases. Ten healthy volunteers of matched sex served as control group. Voided random urine samples were collected under aseptic conditions and subjected to cytological examination. The number of exfoliated cells was counted directly using the hemocytometer.