الفهرس 
acknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 16 |  |  |
| | | from | 16 | | |
Abstract
A trial was made for isolation of different microorganisms that associated the respiratory manifestation of equines. In this study, 150 nasal swabs were collected from 150 diseased equines including horses, mules and donkeys. They suffered from nasal discharge, coughing, pharyngitis, guttural pouch empyema, bronchitis, pneumonia with or without pleuritis.
The isolated bacteria included:
1. Staphylococcus species:
a. Staphylococcus aureus (9.3%)
b. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (12%)
2. Streptococcus species:
a. Streptococcus zooepidemicus (18.7%)
b. Streptococcus pneumoniae (12%)
c. Streptococcus equi (8%)
3. Rhodococcus equi (12.7%)
4. Escherichia coli (25.3%)
5. Pasteurella multocida (15.3%)
According to the age of the animal, it was found that equines of less than three years of age had the highest attack for most of the isolated bacteria.
Seasonal variation plays a role in respiratory tract infection where the high rates of isolation of coagulase negative, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus equi were in spring, high isolation rates of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus zooepidemicus and Pasteurella were in summer, and the high rates for Rhodococcus equi and Staphylococcus aureus were in winter.
It was noticed that transportation for long distance has a role in respiratory tract infection.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for identification of the STa enterotoxin gene of Escherichia coli, and the results were strongly positive for all tested isolated.
Antimicrobial sensitivity test for the isolated Staphylococcus aureus was performed. It revealed that Staphylococcus aureus was most sensitive to ampicillin (50% of isolates) followed by penicillin (35%) then ceftiofur (30%).