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Abstract
Water is life. It is a precondition for human, animal and plant life as well as an indispensable resource for the economy. As freshwater becomes increasingly rare due to population growth. urbanization, the use of wastewater increased to overcome this problem. Wastewater is not just sewage. All the water used in the home that goes down the drains or into the sewage collection system is wastewater. Pollutants of the wastewater include heavy metals, inorganic waste and organic waste. Different techniques as physical, chemical and biological treatment processes have been developed for the removal of organic matter from polluted water stream.
In general, physical treatment processes are one of these techniques which separate
the waste streams by either applying physical forces or changing the physical form of the waste from the process. The activated carbon adsorption process is one of the most frequently applied technologies for the removal of organic compounds from aqueous solution. From the previous study using clay with activated carbon has some advantage over using activated carbon alone because of the limitation of activated carbon natural
resource and high regeneration cost of it.
In the present work, two types of activated clay (alkali and acidic) were used to
investigate the efficiency in removal of the organic matter (molasses, lactic acid, and toluene) from the wastewater. Different variables were investigated for their effect on the degree of removal of organic waste using clay such as: time, amount of clay, concentration of organic wastes, solid to liquid ratio (clay to organic wastes), stirring, temperature and aeration. After examining the effects of the previous variables, the normal• adsorption isotherms, Freundlich, and Langmuir isotherms were studied. The effect of aeration overnight after 2 and 5 days, and after reusing the filtrated clay for another two days after the end of the 5 days was also investigated. Finally, the amount of suspended solids
resulted were calculated.
The samples were tested and it was found that: the adsorption process takes place
readily on the activated clay; all types of organic waste were adsorbed on clay by different degrees but with the same trend of results. Acid activated clay gave better removal than alkali activated clay, the efficiency of removal was increased with increasing time of contact, with decreasing initial concentration and with increasing solid to liquid ratio, the circulation of air increases the rate of adsorption and is higher with molasses than the others. The adsorption process is exothermic and the degree of adsorption decrease with
increasing temperature.
It was observed that the produced microorganisms increased in quantity as the
adsorption process is left for an extended period of time. Finally, it was found that Freundlich isotherm described the adsorption process at all conditions, while Langmuir isotherm described the process at low amount of activated clay.