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Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.) is one of the most important oil crops in the world. In Egypt due to the severe shortage of edible oil, sunflower received a great attention. At present, Egypt to importants about 4/5 of the annual requirements of edible vegetable oils.
Recently, sunflower is increasingly becoming an important source of edible vegetable oil all over the world due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids (Leland, 1996). Sunflower oil is among the healthiest vegetable oils available since it ranks high in percentage of polyunsaturated acids, which can be beneficial in lowering cholesterol levels in the blood. This oil is an excellent source of linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid, needed to the human body (Hui, 1996).
Moreover, sunflower receives considerable attention in Egypt due to its short growing season that is needed to fulfill the present gap between oil production and consumption. The total cultivated area 220.4 thousand fed and produced.
The productivity of sunflower is greatly influenced by environmental condition viz. Soil fertility and irrigation regimes.
Irrigation has always played the greatest role in crop production that determines the growth availability of plant nutrients and ultimately crop yield. Abias region by summer suffers from the shortage of irrigation water because of the competition between farmers especially vegetable and water sensitive crop producers.
Sunflower becomes a good example with regard to moderate water requirements. The recommended intervals between successive irrigation’s in Egypt are about 15 days (Radwan, 1996).
The biofertilized farming system is emphasized, biofertilizer, organic manuring and biocontrol of agricultural pests (Saber, 1998). In recent years, biofertilizer have emerged as a promising component of integrating nutrient supply system in agriculture.
Our whole system of agriculture depends in many important ways, on microbial activities and there appears to be a tremendous potential for making use of micro organisms in increasing crop production. Microbiological fertilizers are an important part of environment friendly sustainable agricultural practices.
On the other hand, organic mater is a source and a sink of plant nutrients in soil, and is important in maintaining soil tithe, improving aeration and infiltration of water, promoting water retention, reducing erosion, and controlling the efficiency and fate of applied pesticides. In addition organic matter improved water holding capacity in soil which leading to more efficient utilization of inorganic P fertilizer.
Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigating the effect of irrigation intervals, mineral and biofertilization on yield, yield some different and seed quality components of sunflower.