الفهرس 
CHAPTER 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present work is carried out with the aim of verifying the following: 1) comparison between the different equations for the subgrade reaction for the parts of the u-shaped tunnel. 2) the influence of friction between the tunnel lining and the surrounding media on the straining actions. from the results obtained it is concluded that: 1) the vertical loads that are acting on the tunnel can be considered uniformely distributed loads taking into account that there will not be an appreciable difference in the calculated straining actions. 2) the u-shaped tunnel is the most unifromely distributed in straining actions, easier in construction which consequently will be more economic