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Abstract
Bone marrow examination is widely used in the investigation and follow up of many diseases. It is a well established procedure in the diagnosis of haematological disorders. Moreover, it has become an important component in evaluation of patients who are receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy for malignant diseases and patients who are suspected of having disseminated infections.
Commonly used methods to process samples from bone marrow are smears, particle crush preparations from aspirated marrow, touch imprint of the core biopsy specimen and histological sections.
Bone marrow trephine biopsy has been proven to be the most sensitive technique, as regards the diagnosis of some haematological diseases, in comparison with bone marrow aspirates and imprints as it allows better overall assessment of cellularity and is indispensable in cases where aspiration results a dry tap as in cases of aplastic anaemia, myelofibrosis and focal marrow infiltration by metastatic tumors and lymphomas.
Bone marrow trephine biopsy is usually easily carried out on the posterior superior iliac spine. Ideally the biopsy specimen should measure 1.5-2cm in length after processing. Various needle designs are available for bone marrow trephine biopsy. However, the most satisfactory is the Jamshidi type biopsy needle.