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Abstract
Approximately 25% of patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer will have muscle-invasive cancer at the initial presentation. Of the remaining 75% who initially present with superficial disease, 10%-15% will progress to invasive disease.
Superficial bladder tumors are staged as papillary non-invasive tumors (Ta), flat carcinoma in situ (Tis) and papillary or nodular tumors that invade the lamina propria (T1). Papillary tumors may be either low (G1) or high (G2, 3) grade.