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Abstract
World wide 150 million people are estimated to have type II diabetes mellitus (DM). By 2025, 333 million people are estimated to have type II DM. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is twice as prevalent in type II DM compared to non diabetic and is the leading cause of mortality in type II DM (WHO, 2002).
Diabetes is a risk factor for the presence and severity of coronary heart disease in both men and women, but carries a greater incremental risk in women, completely eliminating the female advantage (Marwick et al., 1990). Even more than in men, diabetes dramatically increase the mortality of myocardial infarction in women (Stone et al., 1990).
Previous studies demonstrated that acute hyperglycemia impairs endothelium dependent vasodilatation in healthy subjects, and further depresses it in patient with type II DM. These findings indicate a possible link between glucose level and endothelial function in humans. Endothelial dysfunction is an important phenomenon in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is related to the derangements of nitric oxide synthetase in the vessel wall (Tobin et al., 1987).