الفهرس 
AnatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
We tried in this essay to outline new methods in the treatment of varicose veins.
We started by a brief review of anatomy of veins of the lower limb and the most common variations that help in good choice of treatment for every case.
Also, we discussed the pathophysiology of varicose veins and the role of genetics, deep vein thrombosis, cytokines, the role of matrix metalloproteinases, their inhibitors. The role of leukocytes, venous microcirculation, dermal fibroblast function in the development of varicose veins.
Also, we discussed the etiology of varicose veins whether primary or secondary.